Unit 7.1
Have to: modalni glagoli obveze
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Introduction
Modalni glagol [modal verb] je tip pomožnega glagola, ki sam po sebi nima pomena, ampak modificira glavni glagol, spreminja njegov pomen in dodaja podrobnosti o dejanjih.
Have to je tip pomožnega glagola, ki ga uporabljamo za izražanje gotovosti, potrebe ali močne obveze, ki prihaja od zunaj, od zunanjih faktorjev.
Form
Have to lahko izražamo na tri načine:
Affirmative
Njegova struktura v trdilni obliki je:
Subject + have/has to + verb + …
- Have/has: v trdilni obliki se tretja oseba ednine spremeni iz have v has.
| Subject | have/has to | Verb |
|---|---|---|
| I/You | have to | work |
| He/She/It | has to | work |
| We/You/They | have to | work |
Negative
Struktura v nikalni obliki je:
Subject + do/does + not + have to + verb + …
- Do/does: v nikalni obliki se tretja oseba ednine spremeni iz do v does;
- Kratke oblike nikalnih oblik so enake kot kratke oblike present simpla: I don’t – you don’t – he doesn’t…
| Subject | do/does + not | have to | Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/You | do not | have to | work |
| He/She/It | does not | have to | work |
| We/You/They | do not | have to | work |
Interrogative
Struktura v vprašalni obliki je:
Do/Does + subject + have to + verb + …?
- Do/does: v vprašalni obliki se tretja oseba ednine spremeni iz do v does.
| Do/Does | Subject | have to | Verb | Question Mark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do | I/you | have to | work | …? |
| Does | he/she/it | have to | work | …? |
| Do | we/you/they | have to | work | …? |
Example
- Gotovost/zelo pričakovano
- This has to be her flat! She said it’s floor 2, flat 13.
- This house doesn’t have to be in a good state.
- Do they have to be rich? They live in a luxury flat in the city center.
- Močna obveza
- The owner said I have to move to another house.
- She doesn’t have to clean the kid’s clothes everyday.
- Do we have to clean the mess we made in the kitchen?
- Potreba
- I have to buy a new fridge, the one I have is broken.
- Alissa doesn’t have to search for a student flat.
- Do they have to paint the walls?
- Brez obveze (nikalna oblika)
- We don´t have to ride a horse.
- He doesn’t have to clean his room.
- They don´t have to return from the island?
Use
Have to uporabljamo za izražanje obveze, ki je rezultat zunanjih faktorjev. Uporabljamo jo, da pokažemo:
- Da je nekaj zelo pričakovano ali gotovo (trdilna, nikalna, vprašalna oblika);
- Močna obveza (trdilna, vprašalna oblika);
- Potreba (trdilna, nikalna, vprašalna oblika);
- Ni potrebe ali obveze nekaj narediti (nikalna oblika).
Summary
Modalni glagol [modal verb] have to izraža gotovost, strogo obvezo, potrebo ali neobvezo, ki prihaja od zunaj, od zunanjih dejavnikov.
Strukture so:
- Trdilna: Subject + have/has to + verb + …
- Nikalna: Subject + do/does + not + have to + verb + …
- Vprašalna: Do/Does + subject + have to + verb + …?
Na primer
— Trdilna: “I have to go to school every day.” = Osebek mora vsak dan v šolo.
— Nikalna: “She doesn’t have to go to school every day.” = Osebku ni treba vsak dan v šolo.
— Vprašalna: “Does she have to go to school every day?” = Sprašujemo, ali je osebku treba vsak dan v šolo.
NOTE: Don’t have to (nikalna oblika have to) ponavadi izraža, da nečesa ni potrebno narediti.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
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