- English Grammar A1 Level for Slovene speakers - https://open.books4languages.com/english-a1-grammar-sl -

Present continuous v trdilni obliki

Introduction

Trajni sedanjik [present continuous] (ali progresivni [progressive]), je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje situacij, ki trenutno potekajo (pred, med ali po trenutku govora).

Ko je izražen v trdilni obliki sporoča, da se trenutno nekaj dogaja.

Form

Present continuous ima v trdilni obliki strukturo:
Subject + to be + [verb + -ing] + …

Regular

Oblika glagola: verb + -ing.

Kratka oblika trdilne oblike je enaka kratki obliki to be (govorjeni jezik ali neformalno pisanje): I’m – you’re – he’s…

Subject To be Verb + -ing
I am working
You are working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working

Exceptions

  • Glagoli s pripono -e: odpade -e in dodamo -ing.
Infinitive Verb + -ing
write writing
smile smiling
take taking
  • Glagoli, ki se končajo na soglasnik, ki pride po samoglasniku, glagoli z naglasom na zadnjem zlogu in glagoli, ki se končajo na -l: soglasnik podvojimo.
Infinitive Verb + -ing
sit sitting
begin beginning
spill spilling
  • Glagoli s pripono -ie: odpade -ie in dodamo -ying.
Infinitive Verb + -ing
die dying
lie lying
tie tying

Example

  1. Trenutek govora
    • I‘m eating an apple.
    • She is watching TV at the moment.
    • We are speaking.
  2. Začasne aktivnosti
    • I am looking for a new shirt.
    • Paul is working hard to buy new shoes.
    • We are staying in this apartment for 3 weeks.
  3. Načrtovana dejanja
    • I am leaving early tonight.
    • He is going to the cinema on Friday evening.
    • We are going on holiday at the end of this month.
  4. Spremembe in težnje
    • I am getting happier and happier.
    • The world is getting warmer.
    • We are becoming better at volleyball.
  5. Doslednost dogodkov
    • I’m always watching the news.
    • He is talking consistently.
    • They are always having lunch at 14:00.

Use

Present continuous v trdilni obliki uporabljamo, ko sporočamo o:

  1. Aktivnostih, ki potekajo v trenutku govora;
  2. Začasnih aktivnostih (ki se bodo v prihodnosti zaključile);
  3. Aktivnostih, ki so načrtovane v prihodnosti;
  4. Spremembah in težnjah;
  5. Doslednosti dogodkov.

Summary

Trajni sedanjik [present continuous] v trdilni obliki se uporablja za potrjevanje situacij, ki potekajo v trenutku govora.

Struktura je:
Subject + to be + [verb + -ing] + …

Na primer:
— “He is working on an important project today.” = Present continuous uporabljamo, ko govorimo o aktivnostih, ki potekajo v času govora (v tem trenutku).
♦ “He works on important projects.” = Present simple uporabljamo, ko govorimo o aktivnostih, ki se v sedanjosti ponavljajo ali se vedno zgodijo.

Obstaja nekaj izjem, ki so odvisne od glagolske končnice.

Na primer:
— Pripona -e: odpade -e in dodamo -ing. “Shake” ⇒ “Shaking.”
— Samoglasnik po soglasniku, glagoli z naglasom na zadnjem zlogu in glagoli, ki se končajo na -l: soglasnik se podvoji in dodamo -ing. “Put“ ⇒ “Putting.”
— Pripona -ie: opade -ie in dodamo -ying: “Tie“ ⇒ “Tying.”

Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.