Introduction
Enostavni preteklik [past simple] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje situacij, dogodkov in dejanj, ki so se zgodila v preteklosti.
Ko je v trdilni obliki, glagol potrjuje nekaj o osebku.
Form
Subject + Verb (Past tense) + …
Regular
Preteklik glagola: verb + -ed.
| Subject | Verb (past tense) |
|---|---|
| I | worked |
| You | worked |
| He | worked |
| She | worked |
| It | worked |
| We | worked |
| You | worked |
| They | worked |
Exceptions
- Glagoli s pripono -y, pred katero stoji soglasnik: -y spremenimo v -i in dodamo -ed.
| Infinitive | Verb (past tense) |
|---|---|
| study | studied |
| cry | cried |
| worry | worried |
- Glagoli s pripono -e: dodamo le -d.
| Infinitive | Verb (past tense) |
|---|---|
| hope | hoped |
| decide | decided |
| arrive | arrived |
- Glagoli s soglasniško pripono (razen: w, y), pred katero stoji naglašeni samoglasnik: podvojimo soglasnik in dodamo -ed.
| Infinitive | Verb (past tense) |
|---|---|
| stop | stopped |
| ban | banned |
| travel | travelled |
Example
Regular
- I baked delicious biscuits yesterday.
- He played basketball for 8 years.
- They visited Estonia in 2012.
Exceptions
Soglasnik + -y
- I studied a lot for the exams.
- Their children cried all the time.
- He applied to Oxford University last year.
Osnovna oblika s pripono -e
- I hoped to meet you yesterday.
- The school decided to call your parents.
- They arrived in Valencia two days ago.
Naglašeni samoglasnik + soglasniška pripona
- He stopped doing exercise long ago.
- My friend suggested going to the banned beach.
- They travelled every summer when they were young.
Use
Past simple uporabljamo v trdilni obliki, ko opisujemo:
- Dejanja, situacije in dogodke, ki so se zgodili in končali v preteklosti;
- Ponavljajoče se dogodke in navade iz preteklosti;
- Pretekle dogodke, in ko uporabljamo časovne izraze, kot so: two weeks ago, last year, in 2010, yesterday…
Summary
Enostavni preteklik [past simple] v trdilni obliki uporabljamo za opisovanje situacij, ki so se zgodile v preteklosti in so zdaj zaključene.
Struktura pravilnih glagolov:
Subject + Verb (Past tense) + …
Na primer:
— “They worked on an important project yesterday.” = Dodamo -ed.
Past simple pravilnih glagolov se tvori na različne načine, odvisno od osnovne oblike uporabljenega glagola.
Na primer:
— Pripona -y: “I try.” ⇒ “I tried.” = –y spremenimo v i in dodamo -ed.
— Pripona -e: “I dance.” ⇒ “I danced.” = Samo dodamo -d.
— Pripona z naglašenim samoglasnikom + soglasnikom (razen -w and -y): “I plan.” ⇒ “I planned.” = Podvojimo soglasnik in dodamo -ed.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.