Introduction
Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje trajnih situacij ali dogodkov, ki se redno ponavljajo ali se vedno zgodijo.
Ko je v nikalni obliki, glagol zanika nekaj glede osebka.
Form
Subject + do/does + not + verb + …
- Do/does: tretja oseba ednine se spremeni iz do v does;
- Glagol: osnovna oblika glagola ostane enaka (brez sprememb);
- Nepravilni glagol to be: I am not – you aren’t – he isn’t…
Subject | do/does + not |
Verb | Short form |
---|---|---|---|
I | do not | work | don’t |
You | do not | work | don’t |
He | does not | work | doesn’t |
She | does not | work | doesn’t |
It | does not | work | doesn’t |
We | do not | work | don’t |
You | do not | work | don’t |
They | do not | work | don’t |
Example
- Načrtovana prihodnost
- I don’t start my new job on the 17th of June.
- The exam period doesn’t end on the 24th of December.
- Their daughter doesn’t arrive in a few days.
- Urniki
- The train doesn’t leave at 7 o’ clock.
- The match doesn’t start at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
- My exams don’t start at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
- Navade/rutine
- I don’t usually wake up at 8 o’clock.
- He doesn’t go to the gym twice a week.
- We don’t go to good restaurants for lunch.
- Dejstva
- The sun doesn’t rise in the West.
- Water doesn’t boil at 80°C.
- Unicorns don’t exist.
- Trajne situacije
- I don’t live in Brussels.
- She doesn’t work in a supermarket.
- They don’t play football.
- Obljube…
- I don’t promise to buy you a new phone.
- He doesn’t swear he’ll go to the doctor.
- I don’t promise I’ll give you my phone number.
- Dajanje usmeritev in navodil
- You don’t go straight but you turn left.
- You don’t restart your mobile phone.
- You don’t go upstairs.
- Zaključena dejanja, ki potekajo, medtem ko govorimo
- The brigades don’t disappear.
- The police don’t catch the thief.
- Real Madrid doesn’t recover from two goals down.
- Neformalno pripovedovanje
- The Beast doesn’t transform into a prince.
- Snow White doesn’t fall asleep.
- Little Red Riding-Hood doesn’t meet the wolf.
Use
Present simple v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje nečesa glede:
- Načrtovane prihodnosti (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim datumom);
- Urnikov (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim časom);
- Navad/rutin (nečesa, kar se ponavlja v sedanjosti);
- Dejstev (stvari, ki na splošno veljajo);
- Trajnih situacij (ki se dogajajo že nekaj časa in se bodo dogajale tudi v prihodnosti);
- Obljub;
- Navodil (ukazov);
- Zaključenih dejanj, ki se dogajajo medtem ko govorimo (pripombe);
- Neformalnega pripovedovanja (ko pripovedujemo zgodbo).
Summary
Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje situacij, ki se redno, pogosto ali vedno dogajajo.
Struktura je:
Subject + do/does + not + verb + … (does v tretji osebi ednine)
Na primer:
— “I don’t work on important projects.” =
— “She doesn’t work on important projects.” =
NOTE: Glagol to be je nepravilen, zaradi česar ne sledi splošnim pravilom tvorjenja nikalnih oblik; po glagolu moramo preprosto dodati not.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.