12 Feminine Noun formation
Advertising
Introduction
Nouns refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality.
We can form a feminine version from a masculine noun when the person we’re talking about is a woman.
Form
Feminine nouns can be formed from masculine ones by just adding a suffix. The various cases of the formation of feminine nouns are:
Regular
In most cases we obtain the feminine form by adding –ess to the masculine form.
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|
| Count | Countess |
| Host | Hostess |
| Manager | Manageress |
Irregular
But we can find some exceptions that regularly occur:
- Nouns with suffix –tor or –ter: change to –tr and add –ess;
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|
| Actor | Actress |
| Waiter | Waitress |
- Nouns with suffix –e: add –ss;
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|
| Prince | Princess |
- Nouns with suffix stressed vowel + consonant: double the consonant and add –ess.
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|
| God | Goddess |
Example
Regular
- Count ⇒ The Countess gave birth at eleven.
- Host ⇒ Our hostess is a nice woman.
- Manager ⇒ The Manageress checks the rooms at weekends.
Irregular
Nouns with suffixes -tor or -ter
- Actor ⇒ She is my favourite actress.
- Waiter ⇒ These girls are waitress.
Nouns with suffix -e
- Prince ⇒ The princess got married and lived happily ever after.
Nouns ending with stressed vowel followed by consonant
- God ⇒ Athena is an ancient goddess.
Use
We use feminine nouns when the person we’re talking about is a woman, and the noun has a possible feminine version.
There are exceptions and irregularities that need to be studied by heart.
Summary
It is possible to obtain the feminine version of nouns from masculine forms. In most cases, we are able to do it by simply adding an -ess.
For example:
— “Lion” ⇒ “Lioness” = We add -ess at the end of the noun.
However, there are some irregularities within feminine formation, depending on the ending of the nouns.
For example:
— With suffix -tor or -ter, we change –tor to –tr and add -ess: “Conductor” ⇒ “Conductress“.
— With suffix -e, we add -ss: “Prince” ⇒ “Princess“.
— With suffix stressed vowel + consonant, we double the consonant -d and add -ess: “God” ⇒ “Goddess“.
Let’s revise this content within the {Form} section. Take a look at the {Example} section that shows its use within a context.
Exercises
The exercises are not created yet. If you would like to get involve with their creation, be a contributor.
Ambassadors
Open TextBooks are collaborative projects, with people from all over the world bringing their skills and interests to join in the compilation and dissemination of knowledge to everyone and everywhere.
Become an Ambassador and write your textbooks.
Online Teaching
Become a Books4Languages Online tutor & teacher.
More information here about how to be a tutor.
