Introduction
Participiul trecut [Past participle] este un verb care se utilizează pentru a forma alte timpuri (precum [present perfect] present perfect [1]).
Multe forme de participiu trecut [Past participle] sunt neregulate [irregular].
Form
Participiul trecut este o forma a verbului care se utilizează pentru formarea timpurilor: past perfect (mai-mult-ca-perfectul), past perfect continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous and passive tenses {vezi lecția Present Perfect [1]}.
Regulat
Participiul trecut regulat [regular past participles] urmează toate regulele de formare a perfectului compus (past simple) care se obține prin adăugarea lui -ed la sfârșitul verbelor.
Neregulat
Verbele neregulate [irregular verbs] nu urmează această regulă. Cele mai utilizate verbe neregulate sunt:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| become | become |
| break | broken |
| bring | brought |
| buy | bought |
| do | done |
| draw | drawn |
| drink | drunk |
| eat | eaten |
| feel | felt |
| find | found |
| go | gone |
| have | had |
| hear | heard |
| keep | kept |
| read | read |
| run | run |
| say | said |
| see | seen |
| teach | taught |
| write | written |
Example
Past Perfect [2]
- I had studied every night.
- He had finished the course this year.
- We had fought many times.
- I had been studying every night.
- He had been finishing the course this year.
- We had been fighting many times.
Present Perfect [1]
- I have studied every night this week.
- He has finished the course recently.
- We have fought a lot.
Future Perfect [4]
- I will have studied every night.
- He will have finished the course by the end of the year.
- We will have fought a lot.
- I will have been studying every night for weeks.
- He will have been finishing the course.
- We will have been fighting too much.
Use
Folosim participiul trecut pentru a forma diferite timpuri ale verbelor.
Summary
Participiul trecut este o formă a verbului care ajută la formarea multor timpuri. Participiul se obține prin adăugarea lui -ed la sfârșitul verbelor, dar există și multe verbe care sunt neregulate [irregular].
De exemplu:
— Regulat : “Watch” ⇒ “I have watched a great movie tonight.” = Adăugăm -ed la sfârșitul verbului.
— Neregulat: “Be” ⇒ “I have been to Montenegro four times.” / “I have beed to Montenegro four times.” = Utilizăm altă formă (verbul be se modifică în been).
Să revizuim acest conținut în secțiunea [Form]. Vezi secțiunea [Example] care explică utilizarea în interiorul contextului.