Unit 1.1
To be Affirmative
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Introduction
To be is a linking verb and an auxiliary verb that is essential in grammar.
When expressed in its affirmative form, the verb confirms something about the subject.
Form
To be is an irregular verb and, in the affirmative form, it has this structure:
Subject + to be + …
| Subject | To Be | Short Form* |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I’m |
| You | are | You’re |
| He | is | He’s |
| She | is | She’s |
| It | is | It’s |
| We | are | We’re |
| You | are | You’re |
| They | are | They’re |
*The short form is used in spoken language or in informal writing.
We use to be as a linking verb between other classes of words, it gives us more details about the condition of the subject.
To be is used with:
- Nouns;
- Adjectives;
- Prepositional phrases (or complements).
Example
- I am a student.
- You are a lawyer.
- He is polite.
- She is 22 years old.
- My book is on the bed.
- We are doctors.
- You are famous.
- They’re my best friends.
Use
To be, in its affirmative form, confirms characteristics of the subject, for example: age, behaviour, colour, jobs, nationality, personality, place, price, qualities, size, time…
Summary
To be is one of the most commonly used auxiliary verbs. To be is often used with nouns, adjectives and prepositional phrases.
In its affirmative form, it confirms characteristics of the subject and is placed after it.
The forms are: I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, you are and they are.
For example:
— “I am tall.” = We use am for the first person singular.
— “He is tall.” = We use is for the third person singular.
— “They are tall.” = We use are for plurals.
When the subject is a name or noun instead of a pronoun, we use the short form only with the third person singular.
For example:
— “John is tall.” / “John‘s tall.”
— “The members are tall.” / “The members‘re tall.”
NOTE: We use the short form in spoken language or informal writing.
Let’s revise this content within the {Form} section. Take a look at the {Example} section that shows its use within a context sentence.
Review examples
- I am: I am a student.
- You are: You are tall.
- He is: He is my brother.
- She is: She is happy.
- It is: It is a dog.
- We are: We are friends.
- You are: You are smart.
- They are: They are dancers.
Exercises
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