Unit 7.1
Have to: Modales de Obligación
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Introduction
Un verbo modal [modal verb] es un tipo de verbo auxiliar (ayudante) que no tiene significado solo, pero modifica el verbo principal, cambia su significado y da más detalles sobre la acción.
Have to es un tipo de verbo modal auxiliar utilizado para expresar certeza, necesidad u obligación fuerte que viene de fuera, de factores externos.
Form
Se puede expresar have to de tres formas:
Afirmativo
Su estructura en la forma afirmativa, es:
Subject + have/has to + verb + …
- Have/has: en la forma afirmativa, la tercera persona del singular cambia de have a has.
| Subject | have/has to | Verb |
|---|---|---|
| I/You | have to | work |
| He/She/It | has to | work |
| We/You/They | have to | work |
Negativo
Su estructura en la forma negativa, es:
Subject + do/does + not + have to + verb + …
- Do/does: en la forma negativa, la tercera persona del singular cambia de do a does;
- Las formas abreviadas de la forma negativa son iguales a la forma abreviada de present simple: I don’t – you don’t – he doesn’t…
| Subject | do/does + not | have to | Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/You | do not | have to | work |
| He/She/It | does not | have to | work |
| We/You/They | do not | have to | work |
Interrogativo
Su estructura, en la forma interrogativa, es:
Do/Does + subject + have to + verb + …?
- Do/does: en la forma interrogativa, la tercera persona del singular cambia de do a does
| Do/Does | Subject | have to | Verb | Question Mark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do | I/you | have to | work | …? |
| Does | he/she/it | have to | work | …? |
| Do | we/you/they | have to | work | …? |
Example
- Obligación fuerte
- The owner said I have to move to another house.
- She doesn’t have to clean the kid’s clothes everyday.
- Do we have to clean the mess we made in the kitchen?
- Necesidad
- I have to buy a new fridge, the one I have is broken.
- Alissa doesn’t have to search for a student flat.
- Do they have to paint the walls?
- No necesidad u obligación de hacer algo (negativo)
- We don´t have to ride a horse.
- He doesn’t have to clean his room.
- They don´t have to return from the island?
- Algo es razonablemente esperado o una certeza.
-
- This has to be her flat! She said it’s floor 2, flat 13.
- The roses don’t have to be in a good state.
- Do they have to boast like that? We know they are rich.
Use
Usamos have to para mostrar que hay una obligación impuesta por factores externos. Se utiliza para mostrar:
- Una obligación fuerte (afirmativo, interrogativo);
- Una necesidad (afirmative, negativo, interrogativo);
- No hay necesidad u obligación de hacer algo (negativo);
- Que algo es razonablemente esperado o una certeza (afirmativo, negativo, interrogativo).
Summary
El verbo modal [modal verb] have to expresa certeza, obligación fuerte, necesidad o no obligación que viene de fuera, de factores externos.
Las estructuras son:
- Afirmativo: Subject + have/has to + verb + …
- Negativo: Subject + do/does + not + have to + verb + …
- Interrogativo: Do/does + subject + have to + verb + …?
Por ejemplo:
— Afirmativo: «I have to go to school every day.» = El sujeto está obligado a ir al colegio todos los días.
— Negativo: «She doesn’t have to go to school every day.» = No es necesario que el sujeto vaya al colegio todos los días.
— Interrogativo: «Does she have to go to school every day?» = Preguntamos si el sujeto está obligado a ir al colegio todos los días.
NOTA: Normalmente, don’t have to (la forma negativa have to) expresa que algo no es necesario hacer.
Vamos a revisar este contenido dentro de la sección {Form}. Echa un vistazo a la sección {Example} que muestra su uso en contexto.
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