Unit 3.2
There is and There are
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Introduction
There is/are –це вирази які вживаються для підтвердження (коли стверджувальні), заперечення ( коли заперечні) або перевірки (коли запитальні).
Form
Ми зазвичай знаходимо цю структуру Є/ There is/are у трьох формах:
Affirmative
Singular nouns: There is + singular noun/uncountable noun + …
Plural nouns: There are + plural noun + …
Negative
Singular nouns: There is + not + singular noun/uncountable noun + …
Plural nouns: There are + not + plural noun + …
Negative short forms are: there isn’t/aren’t (the same short forms of to be).
A more common negative expression is there are not any (there are no)/there aren’t any (there aren’t).
Interrogative
Singular nouns: Is there + singular noun/uncountable noun + …?
Plural nouns: Are there + plural noun + …?
Example
There is
- There is a cat in the garden.
- There is not a cat in the garden.
- There isn’t a cat in the garden.
- Is there a cat in the garden?
There are
- There are ten cats in the garden.
- There are not ten cats in the garden.
- There aren’t ten cats in the garden.
- Are there ten cats in the garden?
- There are not any cats in the garden.
Use
Цей вид структури “there” називається “фіктивний суб’єкт”, насправді, це свого роду підготовчий предмет, який передбачає наявність реального предмета десь в реченні.
Summary
There is/are вживається для підтвердження (коли використовується стверджувальна форма), заперечення (коли заперечна форма) або перевірки (коли запитальна форма).
- There is for singular
- There are for plural
For example:
— Affirmative: “There is a plate on the table. (= just one plate)-There are plates on the table. (= more than one plate)” = We use the Affirmative form to confirm the presence of a plate on the table.
— Negative: “There isn’t a plate on the table. (= deny just one plate is on the table) – There aren’t plates on the table (= maybe one plate but not many plates) ” = We use the Negative form to deny the presence of a plates on the table.*
*The more common form is “there is no/there are no”, e.g. There is no plate on the table. – There are no plates on the table.
— Interrogative: “Is there a plate on the table? (= asking for one plate) – Are there plates on the table? (= asking for more than one plate)” = We use the Interrogative form to ask information about the presence of a plate on the table.
Let’s revise this content within the [Form] section. Take a look at the [Example] section that shows its use within a context.
Exercises
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