Unit 3.2

There is and There are


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Introduction

There is/are –це вирази які вживаються для підтвердження (коли стверджувальні), заперечення ( коли заперечні) або перевірки (коли запитальні).

Form

Ми зазвичай знаходимо цю структуру Є/ There is/are у трьох формах:

Affirmative

Singular nouns: There is + singular noun/uncountable noun + …
Plural nouns: There are + plural noun + …

Negative

Singular nouns: There is + not + singular noun/uncountable noun + …
Plural nouns: There are + not + plural noun + …

Negative short forms are: there isn’t/aren’t (the same short forms of to be).

A more common negative expression is there are not any (there are no)/there aren’t any (there aren’t).

Interrogative

Singular nouns: Is there + singular noun/uncountable noun + …?
Plural nouns: Are there + plural noun + …?

Example

There is

  • There is a cat in the garden.
  • There is not a cat in the garden.
  • There isn’t a cat in the garden.
  • Is there a cat in the garden?

There are

  • There are ten cats in the garden.
  • There are not ten cats in the garden.
  • There aren’t ten cats in the garden.
  • Are there ten cats in the garden?
  • There are not any cats in the garden.

Use

 Цей вид структури “there” називається “фіктивний суб’єкт”, насправді, це свого роду підготовчий предмет, який передбачає наявність реального предмета десь в реченні.

Summary

There is/are вживається для підтвердження (коли використовується стверджувальна форма), заперечення (коли заперечна форма) або перевірки (коли запитальна форма).

  • There is for singular
  • There are for plural

For example:
— Affirmative:There is a plate on the table. (= just one plate)-There are plates on the table. (= more than one plate)” = We use the Affirmative form to confirm the presence of a plate on the table.
Negative:There isn’t a plate on the table. (= deny just one plate is on the table) – There aren’t plates on the table (= maybe one plate but not many plates) ” = We use the Negative form to deny the presence of a plates on the table.*
*The more common form is “there is no/there are no”, e.g. There is no plate on the table. – There are no plates on the table.
Interrogative:Is there a plate on the table? (= asking for one plate) – Are there plates on the table? (= asking for more than one plate)” = We use the Interrogative form to ask information about the presence of a plate on the table.

Let’s revise this content within the [Form] section. Take a look at the [Example] section that shows its use within a context.

Exercises

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