Unit 3.2

Iragan jarraia Baiezkoa

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Introduction

Iragan jarraia (edo progresiboa) iraganean gertatutako eta edozein momentutan periodo batetan zehar aurrera dabilen egoera bat adierazteko erabiltzen den aditz forma da.

Baiezko forman erabiltzean, aditzak zerbait iraganaren periodo denbora batean gertatzen zebilela berresten du.

Form

Iragan jarraitua, baiezko forman, hurrengo egitura dauka:
Subject + was/were + [verb + -ing] + …

  • Was/were: to be aditzaren iragan sinplea.
Subject was/were Verb + -ing
I was working
You were working
He/She/It was working
We/You/They were working

Example

Azpi ekintza luzea ekintza laburrago batez moztuta dagoena.

  • I was running in the park when you sent me that message.
  • She was practising sport when I called her.
  • They were watching TV when she got back from work.

Iraganeko debora zehatz batean gertatzen dabilen gertaera.

  • It was 9 o’ clock when I was running in the park.
  • I called her at 11:45 and she was practising sport.
  • She returned from work at 7 o’ clock and they were still watching TV.

Denbora betez aurrera doan ekintza etengabea.

  • I was running.
  • He was crossing the road.
  • We were watching TV during our break.

Denbora periodo baten luzeera iraganean.

  • I was working in the bakery last summer.
  • She was practising sports every day last year.
  • They were watching TV all day when they were young.

Aldibereko iragan ekintzak.

  • I was running while she was walking.
  • She was practising sport while her mother was cooking.
  • We were talking while the kids were watching TV.

Iraganean gertatutako ekintza sekuentziak.

  • I went to the park, the kids were playing on the grass, their parents were sitting on the fence and some teenagers were running.
  • She went home and her mother was working on the laptop, her father was watching tv and her sister was studying.
  • We went to the doctor today and while waiting, some patients were reading magazines, some were talking on the phone and the secretary was typing on the computer.

Ekintza errepikatuak edo gogainkarriak (always-ekin)

  • I was always going to class late.
  • She was doing sports every day for years to become a good athlete.
  • They were always watching TV on high volume late at night.

Use

Iragan jarraitua, baiezko forman, hurrengoa berresteko erabiltzen dugu:

  • Azpi ekintza luzea ekintza laburrago batez moztuta dagoena (zerbait bat-batean gertatzen dela beste ekintza luzeago bat aurrera doan bitartean);
  • Iraganeko debora zehatz batean gertatzen dabilen gertaera (iraganean oraindik progresuan dagoen gertaera baten data, ordua edo denbora espezifikoari buruzko informazioa adierazteko);
  • Denbora betez aurrera doan ekintza etengabea (denbora periodo luze batez aurrera doan ekintza bat iraganean);
  • Denbora periodo baten luzeera iraganean (denbora periodo luze batez aurrera doan ekintza bat iraganean);
  • Aldibereko iragan ekintzak (bi gertaera aldiberean gertatzean);
  • Iraganean gertatutako ekintza sekuentziak (gertaera bat baino gehiago denbora berean gertatzen dabilen egoera bat deskribatzeko erabiltzen dira);
  • Ekintza errepikatuak edo gogainkarriak (always-ekin edo espresio antzekoekin ekintza errepikatuen ideia adierazten dituztenak).

Summary

Iragan jarraia [past continuous], baiezko forman, iraganean gertatutako eta denbora guztian periodo batetan zehar aurrera doan egoeta bat berresteko erabiltzen dugu.

Iragan jarraia [past continuous] baiezko forman erabiltzean, subjektuarekin hasten gara eta was edo were gehi -ing aditza ondoren.

Adibidez:
— “I was playing football when the phone rang.” = Iragan jarraia [past continuous] erabiltzen dugu aurrera joaten dabilen egoera bat azpi ekintza baten moduan kontsideratua, beste ezusteko ekintza betekin moztuta agertzen dena (past simple forman).
♦ “I played football.” = Iragan sinplea [past simple] erabiltzen dugu iraganean hasi eta amaitu den ekintza baten ideia adierazteko.

Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.

Related

The past continuous in its affirmative form confirms something occurred in the past and was in progress at any moment during a period of time. You can deny something with Negative form and ask something with Interrogative form.

In English, for better understanding about the structure of past continuous, you can see past simple of To be.

  • At A1 level, you can learn about past simple (something happened in the past).
  • At B1 level, you can learn about past perfect (something happened before other events/ actions in the past).

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