Unit 1.2
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
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Introduction
Present perfect iraganean gartatu diren eta amaiturik dauden, baina orainaldiarekin konektaturik dauden eta ondorioak dituzten ekintzak adierazteko erabiltzen dira {ikusi Present Perfect, A2 Level}.
Past simple forma iraganean gertatutako eta amaitutako gertaerez hitz egiteko {ikusi Past Simple, A1 Level}.
Present perfect eta Past simple forma eta esanahiean ezberdinak dira.
Form
Present perfect eta Past simple hiru formetarako egitura ezberdina daukate.
Baiezko formak:
- Present perfect: Subject + have/has + past participle + …
- Past simple: Subject + [past form of the verb] + …
Ezezko formak:
- Present perfect: Subject + have/has + not + past participle + …
- Past simple: Subject + did + not + verb + …
Galdera formak:
- Present perfect: Have/has + subject + past participle + …?
- Past simple: Did + subject + verb + …?
Example
Present perfect
- I have lived in Chicago for 10 years. I still live in Chicago.
- She hasn’t played the piano in 3 years (the last time was 3 years ago).
- Have they lived together for a year (they are still together)?
Past simple
- I lived in Chicago for 10 years but now I live in San Diego.
- She didn’t play the piano for 3 years, but she started playing again this week.
- Did they live together for a year (they are not together anymore)?
Use
Present perfect erabiltzen dugu amaiturik ez dauden ekintza eta gertaerak labur/luzeak adierazteko, iraganeko gertaerak orainaldian ondorioa dutenak, amaitu gabeko denbora espresioak (this month, today, this year…).
Past simple erabiltzen dugu amaiturik dauden ekintza edo gertaera labur/luzeak adierazteko, iraganean gertatutako ekintza edo ohiturentzako, eta amaituriko denbora espresioekin (two weeks ago, last year, in 2010, yesterday…).
Summary
Present perfect eta Past simple forma eta esanahiean ezberdinak dira.
Adibidez:
— “I have been to the cinema four times this month.” = To be aditzaren present perfect forma erabiltzen dugu oraindik amaitu ez den denbora periodo batean mintzaileak ekintza hasi duela adierazteko (this month).
— “I went to the cinema four times last month.” = To go aditzaren past simple forma erabiltzen dugu iraganaren momentu batean mintzaileak ekintza amaitu duela adierazteko (last month).
Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.
Exercises
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