Unit 1.2
Present Perfect un Past Simple laiki
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Introduction
Laiku present perfect izmanto, lai izteiktu pabeigtas darbības, kas notika pagātnē, bet ir saistītas ar tagadni un joprojām to ietekmē {skatīties Present Perfect, A2 līmenis}.
Laiku past simple izmanto, lai izteiktu situācijas, kas notika un ir pabeigtas pagātnē {skatīties Past Simple, A1 līmenis}.
Laiki present perfect and past simple atšķiras pēc formas un nozīmes.
Form
Laikiem present perfect un past simple ir dažādas formulas trijās formās.
Apgalvojuma formas:
- Present perfect: Subject + have/has + past participle + …
- Past simple: Subject + Verb (Past tense) + …
Nolieguma formas:
- Present perfect: Subject + have/has + not + past participle + …
- Past simple: Subject + did + not + verb + …
Jautājuma formas:
- Present perfect: Have/Has + subject + past participle + …?
- Past simple: Did + subject + verb + …?
Example
Present perfect
- I have lived in Chicago for 10 years, I still live in Chicago.
- She hasn’t played the piano in 3 years (the last time was 3 years ago).
- Have they lived together for a year (they are still together)?
Past simple
- I lived in Chicago for 10 years, now I live in San Diego.
- She didn’t play the piano for 3 years, but she started playing again this week.
- Did they live together for a year (they are not together anymore)?
Use
Laiku present perfect izmanto, lai izteiktu īsas/ilgas nepabeigtas darbības, kā arī notikumus, pagātnes situācijas ar rezultātu tagadnē, to lieto kopā ar nepabeigtiem laika izteicieniem [unfinished time expressions] (this month, today, this year…).
Laiku past simple izmanto, lai izteiktu īsas/ilgas pabeigtas darbības, kā arī notikumus, atkārtotus notikumus un paradumus, kas notika pagātnē, to lieto kopā ar pabeigtiem laika izteicieniem [finished time expressions] (two weeks ago, last year, in 2010, yesterday…).
Summary
Laiki present perfect un past simple atšķiras pēc nozīmes un formas.
Piemēram:
— “I have been to the cinema four times this month.” = Izmantojam present perfect formu to be, lai parādītu, ka runātājs iesāka darbību laika periodā, kas vēl nav beidzies (this month).
— “I went to the cinema four times last month.” = Izmantojam past simple formu to go, lai parādītu, ka runātājs ir pabeidzis darbību pagātnē (last month).
Atkārto šo mācību materiālu, izlasot {Form} nodaļu. Apskati {Example} nodaļu, kurā parādīta šī materiāla praktiska izmantošana kontekstā.
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