Unit 1.2

Pagātnes divdabji


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Introduction

Pagātnes divdabis [past participle] ir darbības vārds, kuru izmanto, lai veidotu citus laikus (tādus, kā present perfect).

Daudzas pagātnes divdabju darbības vārdu formas ir nekārtas [irregular].

Form

Pagātnes divdabis ir darbības vārda forma, kuru izmanto past perfect, past perfect continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous un passive laiku veidošanā {skatīties tēmu Present Perfect}.

Kārtas

Kārtas [regular] pagātnes divdabji veidojas pēc visiem past simple laika veidošanas likumiem, pievienojot -ed vārda beigās.

Nekārtas

Nekārtas [irregular] darbības vārdi neseko veidošanas likumiem. Bieži izmantojamie nekārtas darbības vārdi:

Verb Past Participle
become become
break broken
bring brought
buy bought
do done
draw drawn
drink drunk
eat eaten
feel felt
find found
go gone
have had
hear heard
keep kept
read read
run run
say said
see seen
teach taught
write written

Example

Kārtas

  • I have just finished my work.
  • He has already stopped exercising.
  • They have started to talk during the lesson.

Nekārtas

  • I have lost my car keys!
  • He has put on weight.
  • They have never been to Chicago.

Use

Pagātnes divdabjus izmanto, lai veidotu darbības vārdus dažādos laikos.

Summary

Pagātnes divdabis [past participle] ir darbības vārda forma, kuru izmanto, lai veidotu daudzus laikus. To veido, pievienojot -ed darbības vārda beigās, bet daudzi darbības vārdi ir nekārtas [irregular].

Piemēram:
— Regular : “Watch” ⇒ “I have watched a great movie tonight.” = Pievienojam -ed darbības vārda beigās.
— Irregular: “Be” ⇒ “I have been to Montenegro four times.” / “I have beed to Montenegro four times. = Izmantojam citu formu (darbības vārds be mainās uz been).

Atkārto šo mācību materiālu, izlasot {Form} nodaļu. Apskati {Example} nodaļu, kurā parādīta šī materiāla praktiska izmantošana kontekstā.

Exercises


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