Unit 7.1

Have to: Betebehar modala

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Introduction

Aditz modala aditz laguntzaile (laguntza) mota bat da eta ez dauka esanahirik bakarrik doanean baina aditz nagusia modifikatzen du, esanahia aldatzen dio eta detaile gehiago ekintzari buruz ematen dute.

Have to aditz modal mota bat da ziurtasun, beharra edo betebehar sendoa adierazteko, hauek ez datoz kanpotik, iritzi bertsonala baino. Debekua ere ezezko eran adierazten du.

Form

Have to hiru formetan adierazi daiteke:

Affirmative

Bere egitura, baiezko forman, hurrengoa da:
Subject + have/has to + verb + …

  • Have/has: baiezko forman, hirugarren pertsona singulara aldatu egiten da have-tik has-era.
Subject have/has to Verb
I/You have to work
He/She/It has to work
We/You/They have to work

Negative

Bere egitura, ezezko forman, hurrengoa da:
Subject + do/does + not + have to + verb + …

  • Do/does: ezezko forman, hirugarren pertsona singulara aldatu egiten da do-tik does-era.;
Subject do/does + not have to Verb
I/You do not have to work
He/She/It does not have to work
We/You/They do not have to work

Ezezko forman forma laburtua orainaldi sinplearen [present simple] forma laburtuaren berdina da: I don’t – you don’t – he doesn’t…

Interrogative

Bere egitura, galdera forman, hurrengoa da:
Do/Does + subject + have to + verb + …?

  • Do/does: galdera forman, hirugarren pertsona singulara aldatu egiten da do-tik does-era.;
Do/Does Subject have to Verb Question
Mark
Do I/you have to work …?
Does he/she/it have to work …?
Do we/you/they have to work …?

Example

Betebehar sendoa

  • The owner said I have to move to another house.
  • She doesn’t have to clean the kid’s clothes everyday.
  • Do we have to clean the mess we made in the kitchen?

Beharra

  • I have to buy a new fridge, the one I have is broken.
  • Alissa doesn’t have to search for a student flat.
  • Do they have to paint the walls?

Ez dago zerbait egiteko beharrik edo betebeharrik (ezezkoa)

  • We don’t have to sell the pig.
  • He doesn’t have to clean his room.
  • They don’t have to return from the island.

Ziurtasuna edo nahiko espero da

  • This has to be her flat! She said it’s floor 2, flat 13.
  • The roses don’t have to be in a good state.
  • Do they have to boast like that? We know they are rich.

Use

Have to erabiltzen dugu kanpoko faktoreek ezarritako betebeharra dagoela adierazteko:

Hurrengoari erreferentzia egiten dio:

  • Betebehar sendoa (baiezkoa, galdera);
  • Beharra (baiezkoa, ezezkoa, galdera);
  • Ez dago zerbait egiteko beharrik edo betebeharrik (ezezkoa);
  • Zerbaitez ziur gaude, zerbait nahiko gertatzea espero dugu (baiezkoa, ezezkoa, galdera).

Summary

Have to aditz modala kanpotik datozen ziurtasun, betebehar sendoak, beharra edo inolako betebeharrik ez dagoela adierazteko erabiltzen da.

Forma ezberdinetan erabili dezakegu:

  • Baiezkoa: Subjektuarekin hasten gara gehi have to eta aditza. Hirugarren pertsona singularrerako has erabiltzen dugu.
  • Ezezkoa: Subjektuarekin hasten gara gehi do not have to eta aditza. Hirugarren pertsona singularrerako does erabiltzen dugu.
  • Galdera: Do-rekin hasten gara gehi subjektua, have to eta aditza (esaldia galdera marka batekin amaitzen da). Hirugarren pertsona singularrerako does erabiltzen dugu.

Adibidez:
— Baiezkoa: “I have to go to school every day.” = Subjektuak eskolara joateko beharra dauka egunero.
— Ezezkoa: “She doesn’t have to go to school every day.” = Subjektuak ez dauka eskolara joateko beharrik.
— Galdera: “Does she have to go to school every day?” = Subjektua eskolara egunero joan behar den galdetzen dugu.

OHARRA: Don’t have to (have to-ren ezezko forma) normalean zerbait ez dela egin behar adierazten du.

Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.

Related

Beside Have to, used to express certainty, strong obligation comes from outside, we can use strong obligation comes from personal opinion with the modal verb Must.

In English, you can learn more about other model verbs which have different uses:

– Should: express obligation and duty through advice;

– Ought to: not be as strong as must;

– May: express the possibility;

– Can: express the idea of ability;

– Would: express willingness in the past.

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