Unit 7.1

Must: Betebehar modala

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Introduction

Aditz modala aditz laguntzaile (laguntza) mota bat da eta ez dauka esanahirik bakarik doanean, baina aditz nagusia modifikatzen du, esanahia aldatzen dio eta detaile gehiago ekintzari buruz ematen dute.

Must aditz modal mota bat da ziurtasun, beharra edo betebehar sendoa adierazteko, hauek ez datoz kanpotik, iritzi bertsonala baino. Debekua ere ezezko eran adierazten du.

Form

Must hiru formetan adierazi daiteke eta ez da aldatzen hirugarren pertsona singularrerako ere.

Affirmative

Bere egitura, baiezko forman, hurrengoa da:
Subject + must + verb + …

Subject must Verb
I/You must work
He/She/It must work
We/You/They must work

Negative

Bere egitura, ezezko forman, hurrengoa da:
Subject + must not + verb + …

Subject must + not Verb
I/You must not work
He/She/It must not work
We/You/They must not work

Ezezko formaren forma laburtua hurrengoa da: mustn’t.

Interrogative

Bere egitura, galdera forman, hurrengoa da:
Must + subject + verb + …?

Must Subject Verb Question
Mark
Must I/you work …?
Must he/she/it work …?
Must we/you/they work …?

Example

Ziurtasuna/nahiko espero dena

  • It must be her dog. The collar says her name.
  • This house must be in a good state! They renovated it last year.
  • Must they be rich? They live in a luxury flat in the city centre.

Betebehar sendoa

  • I must search for a new house, my contract ends soon.
  • She must clean the kids’ clothes, they got very dirty at the park.
  • Must we be on time?

Beharra

  • I must buy a new bunch of flowers.
  • He must search for a student flat.
  • Must they chop the olive trees down?

Debekua (ezezkoa)

  • You must not give your address on online forums!
  • He must not surf the internet while working!
  • You mustn’t smoke in this restaurant.

Use

Must erabiltzen dugu hurrengoetan:

  • Zerbaitez ziur gaude, zerbait nahiko gertatzea espero dugu (baiezkoa);
  • Betebehar sendoa dago (baiezkoa, galdera);
  • Zerbait beharrezkoa da (baiezkoa, galdera);
  • Debekua (ezezkoa).

Summary

Must aditz modala ziurtasuna adierazten du, betebehar sendoa, kanpotik datorren beharra edo debekua. Era ezberdinetan erabili dezakegu (ez da aldatzen hirugarren pertsona singularrean):

Bere forma ezberdinetan erabiltzen dugu:

  • Baiezkoa: Subjektuarekin hasten gara gehi must eta aditza.
  • Ezezkoa: Subjektuarekin hasten gara gehi must not eta aditza.
  • Galdera: Must-ekin hasten gara gehi subjektua eta aditza (esaldia galdera marka betekin amaitzen da).

Adibidez:
— Baiezkoa: “I must visit my parents soon.” = Subjektuak betebeharra sentitzen du.
— Ezezkoa: “You must not try drugs.” = Debekua adierazten du.
— Galdera: “Must I do it now?” = Subjektuak orain egin behar baduen galdetzen du.

Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.

Related

Besides Must, used to express certainty, strong obligation comes from personal opinion, we can use strong obligation comes from outside with the modal verb Have to.

In English, you can use model verbs which have different uses:

– Should: express obligation and duty through advice;

– Ought to: not be as strong as must;

– May: express the possibility;

– Can: express the idea of ability;

– Would: express willingness in the past.

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