Unit 7.1
Must: modalni glagoli obveze
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Introduction
Modalni glagol [modal verb] je tip pomožnega glagola, ki nima pomena sam po sebi, ampak modificira glavni glagol, spreminja njegov pomen in dodaja podrobnosti o dejanju.
Must je tip modalnega glagola, ki ga uporabljamo za izražanje gotovosti, nuje ali močne obveze, ki ne prihaja od zunaj, ampak je osebno mnenje. Ko je v nikalni obliki, izraža tudi prepoved.
Form
Must lahko izražamo v treh oblikah in se ne spremeni niti v tretji osebi ednine.
Affirmative
Njegova struktura v trdilni obliki je:
Subject + must + verb + …
| Subject | must | Verb |
|---|---|---|
| I/You | must | work |
| He/She/It | must | work |
| We/You/They | must | work |
Negative
Njegova struktura v nikalni obliki je:
Subject + must not + verb + …
- Kratka oblika nikalne oblike je: mustn’t.
| Subject | must + not | Verb |
|---|---|---|
| I/You | must not | work |
| He/She/It | must not | work |
| We/You/They | must not | work |
Interrogative
Njegova struktura v vprašalni obliki je:
Must + subject + verb + …?
| Must | Subject | Verb | Question Mark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Must | I/you | work | …? |
| Must | he/she/it | work | …? |
| Must | we/you/they | work | …? |
Example
- Gotovost/zelo pričakovano
- It must be her flat. It’s number 13.
- This house must be in a good state! They renovated it last year.
- Must they be rich? They live in a luxury flat in the city center.
- Močna obveza
- I must search for a new house, my contract ends soon.
- She must clean the kids’ clothes, they got very dirty at the park.
- Must we be on time?
- Potreba
- I must buy a new fridge.
- He must search for a student flat.
- Must they paint the walls?
- Prepoved (nikalna oblika)
- You must not give your address on online forums!
- He must not surf the internet while working!
- You mustn’t smoke in this restaurant.
Use
Must uporabimo, ko:
- Smo prepričani glede nečesa, je nekaj zelo pričakovano (trdilna oblika);
- Obstaja močna obveznost (trdilna, vprašalna oblika);
- Nekaj je nujno potrebno (trdilna, vprašalna oblika);
- Prepoved (nikalna oblika).
Summary
Modalni glagol [modal verb] must izraža gotovost, močno obvezo, potrebo ali prepoved, ki ne prihaja od zunaj. Must lahko izrazimo na tri načine; ne spremeni se niti v prvi osebi ednine.
Strukture so:
- Trdilna: Subject + must + verb + …
- Nikalna: Subject + must not + verb + …
- Vprašalna: Must + subject + verb + …?
Na primer:
— Trdilna: “I must visit my parents soon.” = Osebek čuti obveznost.
— Nikalna: “You must not try drugs.” = Izraža prepoved.
— Vprašalna: “Must I do it now?“ = Osebek sprašuje, ali mora nekaj narediti v tistem trenutku.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
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