Unit 1.1
Present perfect v trdilni obliki
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Introduction
Dovršni sedanjik [present perfect] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje zaključenih dejanj, ki so se zgodila v preteklosti, so povezana s sedanjostjo in nanjo še vedno vplivajo.
Glagol v trdilni obliki potrjuje nekaj glede osebka.
Form
Present perfect ima v trdilni obliki strukturo:
Subject + have/has + past participle + …
- To Have: v tretji osebi ednine se have spremeni v has;
- Kratke oblike v trdilni obliki so: I’ve – you’ve – he’s…
- Pravilni particip preteklika tvorimo z dodajanjem -d ali -ed osnovi glagola.
- Nepravilni particip perfekta se moramo naučiti na pamet.
Subject | have/has | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
I/You | have | worked |
He/She/It | has | worked |
We/You/They | have | worked |
S present perfectom pogosto uporabljamo časovne izraze, kot so: ever, never, before, yet, just, already, still, so far, up until now…
{Glej nepravilne glagole v poglavju Pretekli particip}.
Example
- Pretekle situacije z rezultati v sedanjosti
- I have lost my car keys!
- He has put on weight.
- We have finished our homework!
- Zaključena dejanja, ki se nanašajo na življenjske izkušnje do tega trenutka
- I have talked to her four times.
- This is the best castle she has ever visited.
- They have never travelled without their computer.
Use
Present perfect v trdilni obliki uporabljamo za potrjevanje:
- Preteklih situacij z rezultati v sedanjosti;
- Zaključenih dejanj, ki se nanašajo na življenjske izkušnje do tega trenutka.
Summary
Dovršni sedanjik [present perfect] v trdilni obliki uporabljamo za opisovanje zaključenih dejanj, ki so se zgodila v preteklosti, so povezana s sedanjostjo in imajo še vedno vpliv nanjo.
Struktura je:
Subject + To Have + past participle + … (has v tretji osebi ednine)
Na primer:
— “She has worked on an important project these morning.” = Present perfect uporabimo, ker ima preteklo dejanje še vedno vpliv na sedanjost.
♦ “She worked on an important project yesterday.” = Past simple uporabimo, ker je preteklo dejanje zaključeno in ni potrebe po poudarjanju njegovega vpliva na sedanjost.
NOTE: Pretekli particip ponavadi uporabljamo za tvorjenje preteklih glagolskih časov; nanaša se na pretekla ali zaključena dejanja. Tvorimo ga tako, da osnovi pravilnih glagolov dodamo -d ali -ed, medtem ko imajo nepravilni glagoli različne stalne oblike, ki se jih moramo naučiti na pamet.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
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