Unit 1.1

Present Perfect Galdera

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Introduction

Present perfect iraganean gertatu eta amaitu diren baina orainaldiarekin lotura eta ondorioa daukaten gertareak adierazteko erabiltzen diren aditz forma da.

Galdera forman, aditzak subjektuari buruz zerbait galdetzen du.

Form

Present perfect aditzakgaldera forman, hurrengo egitura dauka:
Have + subject + past participle + …?

Have Subject Past Participle Question
Mark
Have I/you worked ?
Has he/she/it worked ?
Have we/you/they worked ?

{Past Participle gaiean sakatu egin aditz irregulak ikasteko}.

Example

Iraganeko egoerak orainaldian lotura dutenak

  • Have I been lucky?
  • Has he been born?
  • Have we had the same experience?

Amaituriko ekintzak, orain arte gertaturiko bizi esperientziez hitz egiteko

  • Have I talked to her four times?
  • Has she visited this castle?
  • Have they travelled without their computer?

Use

Present perfectgaldera forman, erabiltzen dugu, hurrengoari buruz galdetzeko:

  1. Iraganeko egoerak orainaldian lotura dutenak;
  2. Amaituriko ekintzak, orain arte gertaturiko bizi esperientziez hitz egiteko.

Summary

Present perfect galdera forman erabiltzen dugu, iraganean gertatu eta amaitu diren baina orainaldiarekin lotura daukaten gertarei buruz galdetzeko.

Present perfect galdera forman erabiltzen dugunean, have hitzarekin hasten gara eta subjektua eta past participle aditza ondoren (esaldia galdera marka batekin amaitzen da). Hirugarren pertsona singularrean has erabiltzen dugu.

OHARRA: Past participle, perfect formak eratzeko erabiltzen da normalean, eta iraganean ekitza amaituak adierazten dituzte. -d edo -ed aditzaren oinarrizko forman gehituz eratzen dira, aditz irregularrak, aldiz, forma finko ezberdinak dituzte eta hauek buruz ikasi behar dira.

Adibidez:
— “Has she worked on an important project this morning?” = Present perfect erabiltzen dugu iraganeko ekintza orinaldian oraindik lotura duelako (adibidez, the streets are still wet).
♦ “Did she work on an important project yesterday?” = Past simple erabiltzen dugu iragan ekintza amaituta dagoenean eta ez denean bere efektuan orainaldian enfasi egin behar.

Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.

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