Unit 1.1

Present Perfect Baiezkoa

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Introduction

Present perfect iraganean gertatu eta amaitu diren baina orainaldiarekin lotura eta ondorioa daukan gertareak adierazteko erabiltzen diren aditz forma da.

Baiezko forman erabiltzean, aditzak sujektuari buruz zerbait berresten du.

Form

Present perfect aditzak, baiezko forman, hurrengo egitura dauka:
Subject + have/has + past participle + …

Subject have/has Past Participle
I/You have worked
He/She/It has worked
We/You/They have worked

Baiezko formaren forma laburrak hurrengoak dira: I’ve – you’ve – he’s…

Present perfect formekin hurrengo denbora espresioak erabiltzen ditugu: ever, never, before, yet, just, already, still, so far, up until now

{Past Participle gaiean sakatu egin aditz irregulak ikasteko}.

Example

Iraganeko egoerak orainaldian lotura dutenak

  • have been lucky!
  • He has been born.
  • We have had the same experience!

Amaituriko ekintzak, orain arte gertaturiko bizi esperientziez hitz egiteko

  • have talked to her four times.
  • This is the most incredible castle she has ever visited.
  • It’s true that they have never travelled without their computer.

Use

Present perfect, baiezko forman, erabiltzen dugu, hurrengoa berresteko:

  1. Iraganeko egoerak orainaldian lotura dutenak;
  2. Amaituriko ekintzak, orain arte gertaturiko bizi esperientziez hitz egiteko.

Summary

Present perfect baiezko forman erabiltzen dugu, iraganean gertatu eta amaitu diren baina orainaldiarekin lotura daukaten gertareak adierazteko.

Present perfect baiezko forman erabiltzen dugunean, subjektuarekin hasten gara eta have eta past participle ondoren. Hirugarren pertsona singularrean has erabiltzen dugu.

OHARRA: Past participle perfect formak eratzeko erabiltzen da normalean, eta iraganean ekitza amaituak adierazten dituzte. -d edo -ed aditzaren oinarrizko forman gehituz eratzen dira, aditz irregularrak, aldiz, forma finko ezberdinak dituzte eta hauek buruz ikasi behar dira.

Adibidez:
— “She has worked on an important project these morning.” = Present perfect erabiltzen dugu iraganeko ekintza orinaldian oraindik lotura duelako (adibidez, she is well known in her field now).
♦ “She worked on an important project yesterday.” = Past simple erabiltzen dugu iragan ekintza amaituta dagoenean eta ez denean bere efektuan orainaldian enfasi egin behar.

Berrikusi dezagun {Form} atalaren edukia. Begira ezazu erabilera {Examples} atalean testuinguru batean nola erabiltzen den ikusteko.

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