Unit 1.2
Pagātnes divdabji
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Introduction
Pagātnes divdabis [past participle] ir darbības vārds, kuru izmanto, lai veidotu citus laikus (tādus, kā present perfect).
Daudzas pagātnes divdabju darbības vārdu formas ir nekārtas [irregular].
Form
Pagātnes divdabis ir darbības vārda forma, kuru izmanto past perfect, past perfect continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous un passive laiku veidošanā {skatīties tēmu Present Perfect}.
Kārtas
Kārtas [regular] pagātnes divdabji veidojas pēc visiem past simple laika veidošanas likumiem, pievienojot -ed vārda beigās.
Nekārtas
Nekārtas [irregular] darbības vārdi neseko veidošanas likumiem. Bieži izmantojamie nekārtas darbības vārdi:
| Verb | Past Participle |
|---|---|
| become | become |
| break | broken |
| bring | brought |
| buy | bought |
| do | done |
| draw | drawn |
| drink | drunk |
| eat | eaten |
| feel | felt |
| find | found |
| go | gone |
| have | had |
| hear | heard |
| keep | kept |
| read | read |
| run | run |
| say | said |
| see | seen |
| teach | taught |
| write | written |
Example
Kārtas
- I have just finished my work.
- He has already stopped exercising.
- They have started to talk during the lesson.
Nekārtas
- I have lost my car keys!
- He has put on weight.
- They have never been to Chicago.
Use
Pagātnes divdabjus izmanto, lai veidotu darbības vārdus dažādos laikos.
Summary
Pagātnes divdabis [past participle] ir darbības vārda forma, kuru izmanto, lai veidotu daudzus laikus. To veido, pievienojot -ed darbības vārda beigās, bet daudzi darbības vārdi ir nekārtas [irregular].
Piemēram:
— Regular : “Watch” ⇒ “I have watched a great movie tonight.” = Pievienojam -ed darbības vārda beigās.
— Irregular: “Be” ⇒ “I have been to Montenegro four times.” / “I have beed to Montenegro four times.“ = Izmantojam citu formu (darbības vārds be mainās uz been).
Atkārto šo mācību materiālu, izlasot {Form} nodaļu. Apskati {Example} nodaļu, kurā parādīta šī materiāla praktiska izmantošana kontekstā.
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