Unit 2.1
Spol samostalnikov
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Introduction
Samostalniki [nouns] se nanašajo na osebo, kraj, stvar, dogodek, snov ali pojav.
Samostalniki imajo tri spole: moški, ženski in srednji.
Form
Nekateri samostalniki imajo lahko različne besede za različne spole:
- Moški, ženski in srednji;
- Moški in ženski;
- Srednji.
| Masculine | Femenine | Neutral |
|---|---|---|
| boy | girl | child |
| father | mother | parent |
| husband | wife | spouse |
| man | woman | person |
| sir | madame | – |
| son | daughter | – |
| uncle | aunt | – |
| – | – | dog |
| – | – | dolphin |
| – | – | table |
*Nekatere samostalnike srednjega spola lahko ločimo z dodajanjem besed male (moški) ali female (ženska).
Ponavadi uporabljamo he (moški spol) in she (ženski spol) za ljudi, it (srednji spol) za stvari in živali (razen za hišne ljubljenčke in domače živali, ki jih dojemamo kot inteligentne in čuteče; takrat lahko uporabljamo he ali she).
Example
Besede z moškim, ženskim ali srednjim spolom:
- Our boy likes football. He plays it every day.
- Our girl likes football. She plays it every day.
- Our child likes football. They* play it every day.
Besede s tako moško kot žensko obliko:
- My uncle doesn’t eat meat. He is a vegetarian.
- My aunt doesn’t eat meat. She is a vegetarian.
Besede, ki so le srednjega spola:
The table is 500 euros. It is expensive.
The dog is 10 kilos. It is heavy.
The female dog is 10 kilos. She is heavy.
Use
Samostalnike moškega in ženskega spola uporabljamo za ljudi moškega in ženskega spola, živali, dogodke, snovi in pojave.
Summary
Samostalniki [nouns] imajo tri spole: moški, ženski in srednji.
Ponavadi uporabljamo he in she za ljudi, it pa za stvari in živali (he in she lahko uporabljamo za domače živali).
Na primer:
— “My father doesn’t eat meat. He is a vegetarian.” = He uporabimo, ker je father moškega spola.
— “My mother doesn’t eat meat. She is a vegetarian.” = She uporabimo, ker je mother ženskega spola.
— “My parents don’t eat meat. They are vegetarian.” = They uporabimo, ker parents velja za oba (father in mother).
— “The cat sleeps during the day. It is so cute.” / “The female cat sleeps during the day. She is so cute.” = Uporabljamo lahko it ali she, ker gre za domačo žival ženskega spola.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
Exercises
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