Unit 1.2
Present simple v trdilni obliki
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Introduction
Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje trajnih situacij ali dogodkov, ki se redno ponavljajo ali se vedno zgodijo.
Ko je v trdilni obliki, potrjuje nekaj glede osebka.
Form
Subject + verb + …
- V tretji osebni ednine dodamo -s na koncu glagola. Izjeme:
- Glagoli s priponami -ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z: dodamo -es (watch ⇒ watches; kiss ⇒ kisses; crush ⇒ crushes; tax ⇒ taxes; buzz ⇒ buzzes);
- Glagolom, ki se končajo na soglasnik sledi -y: spremenimo -y v -i in dodamo -es (cry ⇒ cries);
- Nepravilni glagoli kot do, go, be in have ne sledijo nobenemu pravilu: do ⇒ does, go ⇒ goes, be ⇒ is, have ⇒ has.
| Subject | Verb |
|---|---|
| I | work |
| You | work |
| He | works |
| She | works |
| It | works |
| We | work |
| You | work |
| They | work |
Example
- Načrtovana prihodnost
- I start my new job on the 17th of June.
- The exam period ends on the 24th December.
- Their friend arrives in a few days.
- Urniki
- The train leaves at 7 o’clock.
- The match starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
- My exams start at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
- Navade/rutine
- I usually wake up at 8 o’clock.
- He goes to the gym twice a week.
- We go to good restaurants for lunch.
- Dejstva
- The sun rises in the east.
- The water boils at 100°C.
- Tigers exist.
- Trajne situacije
- I live in Brussels.
- She works in a supermarket.
- They play football.
- Obljube…
- I promise to buy you a new mobile phone.
- He swears he’ll go to the doctor.
- Promise me you’ll give me your phone number.
- Dajanje usmeritev in navodil
- You go straight and you turn left.
- You restart your mobile phone.
- You go upstairs and through the second door on the left.
- Zaključena dejanja, ki potekajo, medtem ko govorimo
- The brigades disappear into the crowd.
- The police catch the thief.
- Real Madrid recovers from two goals down.
- Neformalno pripovedovanje
- The Beast transforms into a prince.
- Snow White falls asleep.
- Little Red Riding-Hood meets the wolf.
Use
Present simple v trdilni obliki uporabljamo za opisovanje/izražanje:
- Načrtovane prihodnosti (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim datumom);
- Urnikov (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim datumom);
- Navad/rutin (nečesa, kar se ponavlja v sedanjosti);
- Dejstev (stvari, ki na splošno veljajo);
- Trajnih situacij (ki se dogajajo že nekaj časa in se bodo dogajale tudi v prihodnosti);
- Obljub;
- Navodil (ukazov);
- Zaključenih dejanj, ki se dogajajo medtem ko govorimo (pripombe);
- Neformalnega pripovedovanja (ko pripovedujemo zgodbo).
Summary
Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] v trdilni obliki uporabljamo za potrditev situacij, ki se redno, pogosto ali vedno dogajajo.
Struktura je:
Subject + verb + … (-s v tretji osebi ednine)
Na primer:
— “I work on important projects.” =
— “She works on important projects.” =
Pri tretji osebi ednine obstajajo izjeme, ki so odvisne od glagolske končnice.
Na primer:
— Pripone -ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z: “Catch” ⇒ “Catches” = dodajamo -es.
— Soglasnik + -y: “Try” ⇒ “Tries” = -y spremenimo v -i in dodamo -es.
— Nepravilni glagoli: do ⇒ does, go ⇒ goes, be ⇒ is, have ⇒ has…
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
Exercises
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