Unit 8.2
Presežniki pridevnikov in prislovov
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Introduction
Presežnike pridevnikov/prislovov [superlative adjectives/adverbs] uporabljamo za primerjave med stvarmi, ljudmi in dejanji, izražanje superiornosti ene stvari, osebe ali dejanja, ki ima večjo stopnjo določene lastnosti.
Form
Presežnike lahko tvorimo tako, da uporabljamo pridevnike ali prislove. Določnik the postavimo pred pridevnik/prislov zato, da pokažemo, da je nekaj superiorno nečemu drugemu.
Struktura povedi:
Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective/adverb + object + …
Presežniško obliko pridevnika/prislova pridobimo na različne načine, odvisno od števila zlogov in od pripone.
En zlog:
- Pridevnik/prislov: dodamo –est (clean ⇒ cleanest);
- Pridevnik/prislov s pripono –e: dodamo -st (simple ⇒ simplest);
- Pridevniki, ki se končujejo na en samoglasnik in en soglasnik: podvojimo končni soglasnik in dodamo -est (big ⇒ biggest).
Dva zloga:
- Pridevnik/prislov s pripono -y: -y spremenimo v –i in dodamo –est (friendly ⇒ the friendliest).
Dva ali več zlogov:
- Pridevnik/prislov s pripono -y: pred pridevnikom/prislovom dodamo the most: the most + pridevnik/prislov (brez sprememb) (beautiful ⇒ the most beautiful).
Ko uporabimo the most, oblika pridevnika/prislova ostane enaka.
Example
En zlog
- I have the cleanest desk in the office.
- She has the oldest shop in the street.
- They tried their hardest to buy an apartment.
Dva zloga s pripono -y
- You are the funniest woman alive.
- She is the friendliest girl I’ve ever met.
- We wake up the earliest to take shower.
Dva ali več zlogov brez pripone -y
- I think that tennis is the most boring sport.
- ‘War and Peace’ is the most difficult Russian book to read.
- Far east countries’ languages are the most popular to learn.
Use
Presežnike pridevnikov/prislovov uporabljamo, ko želimo izraziti superiornost ene stvari, osebe ali dejanja nad drugo/drugim.
Summary
Presežnik pridevnikov/glagolov [superlative adjectives/adverbs] uporabljamo, ko želimo narediti primerjavo med stvarmi, ljudmi ali dejanji in izraziti superiornost nekoga/nečesa, ki ima višjo stopnjo določene lastnosti kot drugi/a/o.
Struktura je:
Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective/adverb + object + …
Njihova oblika se spreminja glede na število zlogov in na kočnico pridevnika.
Na primer:
— En zlog:
Splošno: “Tall” ⇒ “Claire is the tallest girl in the class.” = Dodamo -est;
S pripono -e: “Nice” ⇒ “Anne is the nicest girl I know.” = Dodamo -st;
En samoglasnik + en soglasnik: “Thin” ⇒ “Karl is the thinnest.” = Podvojimo soglasnik in dodamo -est.
— Dva zloga s pripono -y: “Hungry“ ⇒ “Claire is the hungriest girl in the class.” = -y postane -i in dodamo -est.
— Dva zloga ali več (brez pripone -y): “Tired” ⇒ “Claire is the most tired girl in the class.” = Pred pridevnikom/prislovom dodamo most.
Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.
Exercises
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