Unit 1.2

Present simple v nikalni obliki


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Introduction

Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za opisovanje trajnih situacij ali dogodkov, ki se redno ponavljajo ali se vedno zgodijo.

Ko je v nikalni obliki, glagol zanika nekaj glede osebka.

Form

Present simple ima v nikalni obliki strukturo:
Subject + do/does + not + verb + …

  • Do/does: tretja oseba ednine se spremeni iz do v does;
  • Glagol: osnovna oblika glagola ostane enaka (brez sprememb);
  • Nepravilni glagol to be: I am not – you aren’t – he isn’t…
Subject do/does + not
 Verb Short form
I do not work don’t
You do not work don’t
He does not work doesn’t
She does not work doesn’t
It does not work doesn’t
We do not work don’t
You do not work don’t
They do not work don’t

Example

  1. Načrtovana prihodnost
    • I don’t start my new job on the 17th of June.
    • The exam period doesn’t end on the 24th of December.
    • Their daughter doesn’t arrive in a few days.
  2. Urniki
    • The train doesn’t leave at 7 o’ clock.
    • The match doesn’t start at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
    • My exams don’t start at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
  3. Navade/rutine
    • I don’t usually wake up at 8 o’clock.
    • He doesn’t go to the gym twice a week.
    • We don’t go to good restaurants for lunch.
  4. Dejstva
    • The sun doesn’t rise in the West.
    • Water doesn’t boil at 80°C.
    • Unicorns don’t exist.
  5. Trajne situacije
    • I don’t live in Brussels.
    • She doesn’t work in a supermarket.
    • They don’t play football.
  6. Obljube…
    • I don’t promise to buy you a new phone.
    • He doesn’t swear he’ll go to the doctor.
    • I don’t promise I’ll give you my phone number.
  7. Dajanje usmeritev in navodil
    • You don’t go straight but you turn left.
    • You don’t restart your mobile phone.
    • You don’t go upstairs.
  8. Zaključena dejanja, ki potekajo, medtem ko govorimo
    • The brigades don’t disappear.
    • The police don’t catch the thief.
    • Real Madrid doesn’t recover from two goals down.
  9. Neformalno pripovedovanje
    • The Beast doesn’t transform into a prince.
    • Snow White doesn’t fall asleep.
    • Little Red Riding-Hood doesn’t meet the wolf.

Use

Present simple v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje nečesa glede:

  1. Načrtovane prihodnosti (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim datumom);
  2. Urnikov (načrtovanih dogodkov s točno določenim časom);
  3. Navad/rutin (nečesa, kar se ponavlja v sedanjosti);
  4. Dejstev (stvari, ki na splošno veljajo);
  5. Trajnih situacij (ki se dogajajo že nekaj časa in se bodo dogajale tudi v prihodnosti);
  6. Obljub;
  7. Navodil (ukazov);
  8. Zaključenih dejanj, ki se dogajajo medtem ko govorimo (pripombe);
  9. Neformalnega pripovedovanja (ko pripovedujemo zgodbo).

Summary

Enostavni sedanjik [present simple] v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje situacij, ki se redno, pogosto ali vedno dogajajo.

Struktura je:
    Subject + do/does + not + verb + … (does v tretji osebi ednine)

Na primer:
— “I don’t work on important projects.” =
— “She doesn’t work on important projects.” =

NOTE: Glagol to be je nepravilen, zaradi česar ne sledi splošnim pravilom tvorjenja nikalnih oblik; po glagolu moramo preprosto dodati not.

Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.

Exercise

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