Unit 3.2

Past continuous v nikalni obliki


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Introduction

Trajni preteklik (ali progresivni) [past continuous or progressive] je čas, ki ga uporabljamo za izražanje situacij, ki so se zgodile v preteklosti in so potekale v kateremkoli trenutku v nekem časovnem obdobju.

Ko je v nikalni obliki, glagol zanika, da se je nekaj dogajalo v preteklem časovnem obdobju.

Form

Past continuous ima v nikalni obliki strukturo:
Subject + was/were + not + [verb + -ing] + …

  • Was/were: past simple glagola to be;
  • Kratka oblika nikalne oblike je enaka kot kratka oblika to be v past simplu: I wasn’t – you weren’t – he wasn’t…
Subject Auxiliary Verb + not Verb + -ing
I was not working
You were not working
He/She/It was not working
We/You/They were not working

Example

  1. Daljše dejanje, ki poteka v ozadju, in ki ga zmoti krajše dejanje
    • I wasn’t running in the park when you sent me that message.
    • She wasn’t doing sport when I called her.
    • They weren’t watching TV when she got back from work.
  2. Dogodek, ki je potekal v točno določenem času v preteklosti
    • I wasn’t running in the park at 9 o’clock.
    • She wasn’t doing sport when I called her at 11:45.
    • They weren’t watching TV when she returned from work at 7 o’ clock.
  3. Neprekinjeno dejanje, ki je potekalo nekaj časa
    • I wasn’t running.
    • He wasn’t crossing the road.
    • We weren’t watching TV during our break.
  4. Dolžina časovnega obdobja v preteklosti
    • I wasn’t working in the bakery last summer.
    • She wasn’t doing sport every day last year.
    • They weren’t watching TV all day when they were young.
  5. Sočasna dejanja v preteklosti
    • I wasn’t running while she was walking.
    • She wasn’t doing sport while her mother was cooking.
    • We weren’t talking while the kids were watching TV.
  6. Zaporednost dejanj, ki so se zgodila v preteklosti
    • I went to the park, the kids weren’t playing on the grass, their parents weren’t sitting on the fence and teenagers weren’t running.
    • She went home and her mother wasn’t working on the laptop, her father wasn’t watching tv and her sister wasn’t studying.
    • We went to the doctor today and while we were waiting at the doctor the other patients weren’t reading magazines, weren’t talking on the phone and the secretary wasn’t typing anything on the computer.
  7. Ponavljajoče se ali nadležno dejanje
    • I wasn’t going to class late.
    • She wasn’t doing sport everyday for years to become a good athlete.
    • They weren’t watching TV on high volume late at night.

Use

Past continuous v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje nečesa glede dogodkov ali dejanj, ki so potekala v preteklosti. Ponavadi želimo pokazati, da so trajala dlje časa.
Past continuous uporabljamo v naslednjih primerih:

  1. Daljše dejanje v ozadju, ki ga prekine nepričakovano krajše dejanje (nenadoma se nekaj zgodi, medtem ko drugo daljše dejanje že poteka);
  2. Dogodek, ki je potekal v točno določenem času v preteklosti (izraženi so datum, ura ali specifične informacije o dogodku, ki je potekal v preteklosti);
  3. Neprekinjeno dejanje, ki je potekalo nekaj časa (dogodek, ki je dalj časa potekal v preteklosti);
  4. Dolžina časovnega obdobja v preteklosti (dogodek, ki je dalj časa potekal v preteklosti);
  5. Pretekla istočasna dejanja (dva dogodka sta se zgodila istočasno);
  6. Zaporednost dejanj v preteklosti (ponavadi uporabljamo za opis situacij, v katerih je več dogodkov potekalo istočasno);
  7. Ponavljajoče se ali nadležno dejanje (z always ali s podobnimi izrazi, ki namigujejo na idejo ponavljajočega se dogodka).

Summary

Trajni preteklik [past continuous] v nikalni obliki uporabljamo za zanikanje situacij, ki so se zgodile v preteklosti in so potekale v vsakem trenutku nekega časovnega obdobja.

Struktura je:
Subject + was/were + not + [verb + -ing] + …

Na primer:
— “I was not playing football when the phone rang.” = Past continuous uporabljamo za izražanje dejanj, ki se niso zgodila, ko je potekla neko drugo dejanje.
♦ “I did not play football.” = Past simple uporabljamo za izražanje ideje dejanja, ki se v preteklosti ni zgodilo.

Ponovi to vsebino v delu {Form} in si poglej del {Example}, ki prikazuje rabo v kontekstu.

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