Unit 6.1
Minulý čas prostý u slovesa to be
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Introduction
Sloveso to be je v gramatice nepostradatelné. Funguje jako pomocné sloveso a je jedním z nepravidelných sloves.
Když mluvíme o událostech, které se odehrály v minulosti a už byly ukončeny, používáme toto sloveso ve tvaru minulého času prostého [past simple].
Form
Sloveso to be je jedním ze sloves s nepravidelným tvarem v minulém čase.
Kladný tvar
V kladném tvaru má tuto strukturu:
Subject + to be (Past tense) + …
| Subject | To Be |
|---|---|
| I | was |
| You | were |
| He | was |
| She | was |
| It | was |
| We | were |
| You | were |
| They | were |
Záporný tvar
V záporném tvaru má tuto strukturu:
Subject + to be (Past tense) + not + …
- V záporném tvaru se nepoužívá pomocné sloveso „did“.
| Subject | To Be + not | Short form |
|---|---|---|
| I | was not | wasn’t |
| You | were not | weren’t |
| He | was not | wasn’t |
| She | was not | wasn’t |
| It | was not | wasn’t |
| We | were not | weren’t |
| You | were not | weren’t |
| They | were not | weren’t |
Tázací tvar
V tázacím tvaru má tuto strukturu:
To be (Past tense) + subject + …?
- V tázacím tvaru se nepoužívá pomocné sloveso „did“.
| To Be | Subject | Question Mark |
|---|---|---|
| Was | I | …? |
| Were | you | …? |
| Was | he | …? |
| Was | she | …? |
| Was | it | …? |
| Were | we | …? |
| Were | you | …? |
| Were | they | …? |
Example
Kladný tvar
- I was a good football player.
- He was here 2 minutes ago.
- We were at the beach earlier.
Záporný tvar
- I wasn’t a good football player
- He wasn’t here 2 minutes ago.
- We weren’t at the beach earlier.
Tázací tvar
- Was I a good football player?
- Was he here 2 minutes ago?
- Were you at the beach earlier?
Use
Sloveso to be ve tvaru minulého času prostého používáme jako spojovací výraz mezi podmětem a doplňkem či přídavným jménem. Toto sloveso poskytuje více informací ohledně samotného podmětu v minulosti.
Summary
Minulý čas prostý [past simple] používáme, když mluvíme o situacích, které se odehrály v minulosti a už byly ukončeny. Sloveso to be má v minulém čase prostém nepravidelný tvar.
Můžeme jej použít v jeho různých tvarech:
- Kladný tvar: Začínáme podmětem, po kterém následuje to be v minulém čase:
I was, you were, he was, she was, it was, we were, you were a they were. - Záporný tvar: Začínáme podmětem, po kterém následuje to be v minulém čase a not:
I was not, you were not, he was not, she was not, it was not, we were not, you were not a they were not. - Tázací tvar: Začínáme to be v minulém čase, po kterém následuje podmět (věta je ukončena otazníkem):
was I…?, were you…?, was he…?, was she…?, was it…?, were we…?, were you…? a were they…?.
Například:
— Kladný tvar: „There was enough sugar to make the cake.“
— Záporný tvar: „There wasn’t enough sugar to make the cake.“
— Tázací tvar: „Was there enough sugar to make the cake?“
Projděme si tuto látku v sekci {Form}. Podívejte se na sekci {Example}, která ukazuje její užití v kontextu.
Exercises
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