Unit 6.1
Minulý čas jednoduchý u slovesa to be
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Introduction
Sloveso to be je v gramatike nepostrádateľné. Funguje ako pomocné sloveso a je jedným z nepravidelných slovies.
Keď hovoríme o udalostiach, ktoré sa odohrali v minulosti a už boli ukončené, používame toto sloveso v tvare minulého času jednoduchého [past simple].
Form
Sloveso to be je jedným zo slovies s nepravidelným tvarom v minulom čase.
Kladný tvar
V kladnom tvare má túto štruktúru:
Subject + to be (Past tense) + …
| Subject | To Be |
|---|---|
| I | was |
| You | were |
| He | was |
| She | was |
| It | was |
| We | were |
| You | were |
| They | were |
Záporný tvar
V zápornom tvare má túto štruktúru:
Subject + to be (Past tense) + not + …
- V zápornom tvare sa nepoužíva pomocné sloveso „did“.
| Subject | To Be + not | Short form |
|---|---|---|
| I | was not | wasn’t |
| You | were not | weren’t |
| He | was not | wasn’t |
| She | was not | wasn’t |
| It | was not | wasn’t |
| We | were not | weren’t |
| You | were not | weren’t |
| They | were not | weren’t |
Opytovací tvar
V opytovacom tvare má túto štruktúru:
To be (Past tense) + subject + …?
- V opytovacom tvare sa nepoužíva pomocné sloveso „did“.
| To Be | Subject | Question Mark |
|---|---|---|
| Was | I | …? |
| Were | you | …? |
| Was | he | …? |
| Was | she | …? |
| Was | it | …? |
| Were | we | …? |
| Were | you | …? |
| Were | they | …? |
Example
Kladný tvar
- I was a good football player.
- He was here 2 minutes ago.
- We were at the beach earlier.
Záporný tvar
- I wasn’t a good football player
- He wasn’t here 2 minutes ago.
- We weren’t at the beach earlier.
Opytovací tvar
- Was I a good football player?
- Was he here 2 minutes ago?
- Were you at the beach earlier?
Use
Sloveso to be v tvare minulého času jednoduchého používame ako spojovací výraz medzi podmetom a doplnkom či prídavným menom. Toto sloveso poskytuje viac informácií ohľadom samotného podmetu v minulosti.
Summary
Minulý čas jednoduchý [past simple] používame, keď hovoríme o situáciách, ktoré sa odohrali v minulosti a už boli ukončené. Sloveso to be má v minulom čase jednoduchom nepravidelný tvar.
Môžeme ho použiť v jeho rôznych tvaroch:
- Kladný tvar: Začíname podmetom, po ktorom nasleduje to be v minulom čase:
I was, you were, he was, she was, it was, we were, you were a they were. - Záporný tvar: Začíname podmetom, po ktorom nasleduje to be v minulom čase a not:
I was not, you were not, he was not, she was not, it was not, we were not, you were not a they were not. - Opytovací tvar: Začíname to be v minulom čase, po ktorom nasleduje podmet (veta je ukončená otáznikom):
was I…?, were you…?, was he…?, was she…?, was it…?, were we…?, were you…? a were they…?.
Napríklad:
— Kladný tvar: „There was enough sugar to make the cake.“
— Záporný tvar: „There wasn’t enough sugar to make the cake.“
— Opytovací tvar: „Was there enough sugar to make the cake?“
Prejdime si túto látku v sekcii {Form}. Pozrite sa na sekciu {Example}, ktorá ukazuje jej použitie v kontexte.
Exercises
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